Fast Food Nation Synthesis

Sarah Whitaker Mrs. Kurtz A. P. Language and Composition 6 February 2013 The Meatpacking Industry: One of the Most Dangerous Jobs in the U. S. A report from the American Meat Institute shows that the U. S. is home to around 6,000 meatpacking plants. A large number of occupations everywhere throughout the nation are made through meatpacking plants. These low paying, dangerous occupations are cleared up by people, these individuals unconscious of what precisely they have gotten themselves into. The meatpacking, today, has gotten one of the most hazardous employments in America.As found by Steven Greenhouse of the New York times, â€Å"†¦the nation’s meat pressing industry has such awful working conditions that it damages essential human and specialist rights. † Ever since the distribution of the popular book by Upton Sainclairâ€The Jungle†individuals everywhere throughout the world have thought that it was vital for assessments to be thought of and for change s to be finished with little achievement. Laborers in today’s plants appear to have similar issues that were confronted very nearly 100 years ago.The Appleseed Center For Law found an expected â€Å"total of 62 percent of those met said they had been harmed at work in the previous year, a rate multiple times higher than the government’s official measurement for slaughterhouse workers†¦. †, as found in Reprt:Line Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. So what befell the truly necessary wellbeing laws? It’s basic truly, they just aren’t being followed. Numerous laborers today, who live in appalling working conditions step by step to make their living for them and their families, are not being treated as they are intended to be and this has just made the business bigger.One individual stops or gets injured and another is there, effectively filling the new vacant position. Grievances don’t help either, as found by Gail Eisnitz , likewise refered to in Reprt:Line Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers, â€Å"Slaughterhouse laborers discuss a creation framework that moves to fast†¦despite various protests to managementâ€as well as innumerable injuriesâ€the organizations won't make changes since easing back the procedure would mean not getting as much cash. † As found in Eric Schlosser’s ook Fast Food Nation the basic certainty is that with influence and cash there comes harmed ethics. The huge entrepreneurs just don’t care! Since the mysteries are out and the business is â€Å"naked† to the open now, the individuals are not calling the business â€Å"The Jungle of the 2000s†, an article put out by the Associated Press States. Martin Cotez as met by the Associated Press says, â€Å"You know what I like to state to the newcomers? They don’t execute bovines. They execute individuals. † This, a reaction to his own story depiction, just put s an entirely different mark on the business; murderers!Sinclair’s book distributed such a long time ago despite everything appears to have scarcely affected the business of today. As examined in Fast Food Nation, Schlosser additionally talks about the injury of laborers all through part 8, viably named â€Å"The Most Dangerous Job. † One case of the loathsome working conditions additionally originates from Fast Food Nation, Jesus â€Å"A calm representative of DCS Sanitation Managerment, Inc† Talks of an encounter he had on one of his cleaning obligations, â€Å"One night while Jesus was cleaning, a colleague neglected to kill a machine, lost two fingers, and went into shock.An rescue vehicle came and removed him, as every other person kept on cleaning. He was back grinding away the next week. ‘if one hand is no good,’ the director told him,’use the other. ’† Not just did the administrator not give it a second thought, an indiv idual was harmed and still came back to the activity he clearly required. So what should be finished? Clearly whatever it is, its not occurring. So despite the fact that the interest for food is high in this country, what’s progressively significant, our food or our residents? expanded interest at slaughterhouses has caused an ascent in business related injuries† as indicated by a report by a Nebraska-based non-benefit. Individuals in these plants are getting injured on the grounds that it’s what the activity requests as well as on the grounds that the more we as buyers need, the more the large business proprietors will request more work. So what will we as American residents do? Work Cited â€Å"American Meat Institute. †Ã‚ American Meat Institute. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Report: Line Speeds, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. † Digging Through the Dirt, 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2013. Nursery, Steven. † Meat Packing Industry Critic ized on Human Rights Grounds. † The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 25 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Dangers, strains prowl in meatpacking industry†. Related Press. Breaking News and Top Stories World News, US and Local: NBC News, 24 Apr. 2006. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Safety and Health Guide for the Meatpacking Industry. † Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Schlosser,Eric. Cheap Food Nation. New York: Harper And Perennial,2005. Print.

The Trail of Evidence From Treatment To Causes of Depression Essay

The Trail of Evidence From Treatment To Causes of Depression At the point when an individual is discouraged, the essential trademark is an emotional consciousness of mind-set change: the individual has a progressing sentiment of bitterness or vacancy. This inclination is regularly joined by eating unsettling influences, sentiments of misery, powerlessness to focus, uncertainty, rest aggravations, lost enthusiasm for charming exercises, psychomotor impediment, weariness, languor or laziness, and is frequently co-dreary with different scatters, particularly nervousness. This star grouping of sentiments and detectable practices give rise the term gloom. In situations where the downturn isn't serious or intermittent, psychotherapy alone might be adequate. In any case, by and large, antidepressants related to psychotherapy are demonstrated. What's more, in some extent of cases, where the downturn is particularly serious, constant, crippling and impervious to antidepressants, treatments including electrical incitement to the cerebrum are some of the time utilized. In brain science, speculations encompassing the etiology of despondency change generally, from neurobiological to intellectual to conduct, socioenvironmental and psychodyanmic. Biosocial models recognize that both organic inclination and ecological variables assume an intuitive job in the creation and upkeep of wretchedness. The sensory system is continually evolving. It changes because of its own movement, which itself is an impression of reactions to an assortment of sources: outer info, the framework's own repetitive vacillations, and its adjustment due to past encounters. Besides, the sensory system's progressions happen in differing degrees, from incredibly transitory (activity possibilities transitorily change the sensory system) to la... ...ations with Neil's Brain , by William Calvin and George Ojemann http://www.williamcalvin.com/bk7/bk7.htm 7)NAME OF YOUR THIRD WEB REFERENCE SITE, COMMENTS ABOUT IT http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/URL%20OF%20YOUR%20THIRD%20WEB%20REFERENCE 8) New strategy looks encouraging for treatment safe gloom http://www.psych.org/pnews/00-01-21/technique.html 9) Vagus nerve incitement for treatment-safe sorrows: a multi-focus study. driven by John Rush http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/bps/abstracts/994888abs.htm 10) VNS: cutting edge trust in those with significant gloom , by Sandra Gordon http://aolsvc.health.cbshealthwatch.aol.com/ 11) A noradrenergic and serotonergic speculation of the linkage among epilepsy and full of feeling issue by P C Jobe et al http://depression.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm

The significance of early cinema for our study of the history of the cinema

The field of film is comprised of certain media which incorporate; films, film and movies.The history of film, otherwise called film, follows back to more than one hundred years prior from the earliest starting point of the nineteenth century to date.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on The noteworthiness of early film for our investigation of the historical backdrop of the film explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film has been its improvement from its theoretical structure and today it is the most significant methods for correspondence. Since its advancement, movies hugy affect expressions, innovation and governmental issues. This paper talks about the essentialness of early film for our investigation of the historical backdrop of the film. In film improvement, the most critical undertaking has been to reproduce and introduce reality through different imaginative methods which have been created in accordance with film innovation. In cr aftsmanship history, we get the opportunity to discover that film was not developed for the time being and along these lines, it is a result of a slow collection of knowledge and the innovation which was accessible at various occasions. The early film assessment in film history takes the student through the spearheading work of numerous individuals who motivated Auguste and Louis Lumiã ¨re to concoct a Cinã ©matographe framework, which introduced moving pictures in 28 December 1895. Film students of history has it that there were numerous creations which went before Cinã ©matographe, for example, the moving picture projections and shadow plays, which follows their root in Java and India thousand years back. These included making an outline by controlling some calfskin manikins utilizing bars and set past a translucent material. The innovation of shadow plays has been received, affected and fitted into today’s film and are being utilized. After this innovation of shadows; t here was the development of the enchantment lamp which was produced using a case, a light which could be encased inside and a drawn picture. From this creation, there was as yet the component of projection which is still being used today. The enchantment lamps turned out to be progressively common in the nineteenth century and they accompanied refinement as they conveyed various focal points. This innovation turned out to be well known and the lights were available in many pieces of the world by the nineteenth century. Early film gives us the information we could never had in the manner the innovation developed and the early innovators in the field. In the investigation of any history, there must be some detectable way of advancement of the topic as is the historical backdrop of film associated with early cinemas.Advertising Looking for research project on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As right on time as 1888, Alva Edison placed that, â€Å"I am testing upon an instrument which accomplishes for the eye what the phonograph accomplishes for the ear, which is the account and multiplication of things in motion† (Robinson 138). In this line Edison imagined his good phonograph and as his underlying point, the model of a chamber was not all that promising thus Edison turned to utilizing a segment of straightforward film, an innovation acquired from Marey from Europe. By 1892, two extraordinary advancements had been made by Edison to be specific; Kinetograph, which was utilized to record pictures and the Kinetoscope, which was utilized to see them. In any case, it was not long after that the machines were raking in tons of cash and he understood that a few creations were undermining their business. This was Edison’s first creation to get into business and it fared quite well and this can be obvious from his announcement cited here, that; We are making these peep show m achines and selling a ton of them at a decent benefit. On the off chance that we put out a screen machine there will be an utilization for possibly ten of them in the entire United States. With that many screen machines you could demonstrate the photos to everybody in the nation †and afterward it would be finished. Let’s not murder the goose that lays the brilliant eggs. (Robinson 39) Lumiã ¨re siblings on the opposite side of Europe are credited for developing the film and this followed numerous pioneers who made various commitments during that time. The centrality of these innovations in the early occasions is the looking for of information which could be propelled today to create increasingly practiced developments. The information on early film can enable the individuals who to take film creation profession particularly in the planning and creation of movies. For instance, it was from the early film that Henri Langlois reproduced motion pictures and from them he won a privileged honor in 1974. Langlois indicated diverse early movies consistently and the individuals who enjoyed his movies were astonished at his programming capacity. Langlois had films from the Nazis, which he recuperated and refined them and he created from early movies an occupation which nobody thought of previously. Subsequently, early film can be extremely useful in enhancing today’s diversion and data industry consequently noteworthy to film students of history. The apparition of the Cinematheque uncovers Langlois’ mission for the work of art which looks like Lumiã ¨re’s shadows (Robinson 39). In addition, it was Adre Bazin who prospected that film has its establishment in photography and subsequently has the sensible part of it. Along these lines, he accepts that film; as in early film, can catch this present reality. This bodes well in the way that early movies caught the truth of the time more than all else. The investigation of the historical back drop of film consequently empowers understudies of film history to catch the truth of the world when they were being made. Since history reflects numerous regular social angles which have been conveyed to today, it is conceivable to mirror the truth of yesterday in today’s correspondence and amusement. This can't occur without the accessibility of the early film just as their study.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The hugeness of early film for our investigation of the historical backdrop of the film explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn all in all, early film can't be messed with in their commitment of today’s film industry. The film has developed from Lumiã ¨re siblings, to Cohn Brothers and by today we have seen Hollywood offer ascent to Bollywood and the innovation is still in the method of its development to high statures. In this way, the creations of early film were something other than an innovation around then and it tag ged along hundreds of years leaving solid establishments. The film business, which is driving in offering diversion, data and training, couldn't have the manner in which it is today were it not for the endeavors of the creators of film. The majority of the materials which are consolidated into the film today can be followed back in the film blunder and they act to enhance one another. This couldn't have been conceivable without the information on early film advancements. Early film thusly assumes a noteworthy job not just in the investigation of the historical backdrop of film yet in addition in its evaluation, thankfulness and appropriation. Work Cited Robinson, David. Understanding the vision: 300 years of cinematography, in Cinema: the Beginnings and the future, altered by Cristopher Williams. London: University of Westminster Press, 1996. Print. This research paper on The essentialness of early film for our investigation of the historical backdrop of the film was composed and presented by client Ethan M. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free essay sample

In this book Billy learns reality with regards to life; that while having a significant obligation you increase a feeling of development and adulthood. Billy shows development when he attempts to set aside the cash for the pooches. First he indicated discipline and an awareness of other's expectations when he needed to spare the 50 dollars to purchase his mutts. Billy set aside cash for a long time maintaining odd sources of income and furthermore working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t go through any cash while sparing and gathered everything that would help he kept pennies and some other kind of money. In the wake of setting aside the cash he furtively went out and strolled about 10 miles through the forested areas to town. While around he went to the mail station to get his little guys. He likewise went to the stores around and bought things for his family with his own cash. Billy getting down to business all alone and demonstrating the control and all the more significantly, the development to purchase his mutts besides demonstrates the point that having a significant obligation gives you a feeling of adulthood. We will compose a custom exposition test on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when Billy contends with other men and pooches in the coon chasing rivalry he shows a primary change from being a youngster to turning into a man. Subsequent to chasing for a year Billy pursues a chasing competition, going up against men who are both more established and increasingly experienced trackers. While at the opposition a significant image of him growing up is that before his first chase his dad and granddad pour three cups of espresso rather than two. This shows Billy’s older folks don’t consider him to be â€Å"just a kid† yet a youthful grown-up. He proceeds to win the opposition while battling through a snowstorm. Billy winning the opposition and being offered espresso demonstrates his change to turning into a youthful grown-up. The last case of Billy developing is him grieving the passing of his pooches. His pooches kicked the bucket from a malignant assault from a mountain lion while in a chase. When each pooch passed on Billy was inquired as to whether he needed assistance covering them yet he won't. To me this shows Billy was tolerating the duty of his pooches as exclusively his. This shows a serious feeling of development and is his last advance to adulthood. Billy covered his mutts under a red greenery which is viewed as sacrosanct in the Ozarks, yet when he discusses the red plant developing that represents Billy becoming over the passing of his canines and turning into a develop grown-up. At the point when he covered his mutts under the plant with no assistance this is the fundamental case of him developing increasingly develop and being a bit nearer to adulthood. Billy discovers that accepting a significant accountability picks up you the feeling of development and adulthood. He learns the significance of duty, picking up development, lastly turning into a grown-up. On the off chance that you recall your first cherished pet you should likewise recollect the tragic time that creature kicked the bucket. At the point when this happened you may have unwittingly made a stride nearer to adulthood and being an increasingly full grown individual. Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free paper test In this book Billy learns reality with regards to life; that while having a significant duty you increase a feeling of development and adulthood. Billy shows development when he attempts to set aside the cash for the canines. First he indicated discipline and an awareness of other's expectations when he needed to spare the 50 dollars to purchase his pooches. Billy set aside cash for a long time maintaining odd sources of income and furthermore working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t go through any cash while sparing and gathered everything that would help he kept pennies and some other sort of money. In the wake of setting aside the cash he covertly went out and strolled about 10 miles through the forested areas to town. While around he went to the mail station to get his puppies. He additionally went to the stores around and bought things for his family with his own cash. Billy getting down to business all alone and demonstrating the control and all the more significantly, the development to purchase his mutts besides demonstrates the point that having a significant obligation gives you a feeling of adulthood. We will compose a custom article test on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when Billy contends with other men and pooches in the coon chasing rivalry he shows a principle progress from being a youngster to turning into a man. Subsequent to chasing for a year Billy pursues a chasing competition, contending with men who are both more established and increasingly experienced trackers. While at the opposition a significant image of him growing up is that before his first chase his dad and granddad pour three cups of espresso rather than two. This shows Billy’s seniors don’t consider him to be â€Å"just a kid† however a youthful grown-up. He proceeds to win the opposition while battling through a snowstorm. Billy winning the opposition and being offered espresso demonstrates his change to turning into a youthful grown-up. The last case of Billy developing is him grieving the demise of his mutts. His canines passed on from a malevolent assault from a mountain lion while in a chase. When each pooch kicked the bucket Billy was inquired as to whether he needed assistance covering them however he can't. To me this shows Billy was tolerating the duty of his canines as exclusively his. This shows a serious feeling of development and is his last advance to adulthood. Billy covered his mutts under a red greenery which is viewed as holy in the Ozarks, yet when he discusses the red plant developing that represents Billy becoming over the demise of his canines and turning into a develop grown-up. At the point when he covered his pooches under the plant with no assistance this is the fundamental case of him developing progressively develop and being a bit nearer to adulthood. Billy discovers that accepting a significant accountability picks up you the feeling of development and adulthood. He learns the significance of duty, picking up development, lastly turning into a grown-up. In the event that you recollect your first cherished pet you should likewise recall the pitiful time that creature kicked the bucket. At the point when this happened you may have accidentally made a stride nearer to adulthood and being a progressively full grown individual.

Consequences of Nick Carraway as Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The

The Importance of Nick Carraway as Narrator of The Great Gatsby  In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald investigates the dissatisfaction of the American Dream by differentiating the debasement of the individuals who embrace a shallow way of life with the genuineness of Nick Carraway. As Carraway acquaints himself with the lives of Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker and Jay Gatsby, he understands the bogus enticing quality of the New York way of life and recaptures regard for the Midwest he deserted. Fitzgerald needs a target storyteller to pass on and demonstrate this analysis, and utilizations Carraway as the perspective character, yet in addition as a counter guide to the unethical behavior and untrustworthiness Carraway finds in New York (Bewley 31). Fitzgerald must build this storyteller as dependable. Because of the idea of the novel, the peruser would not accept the story in the event that it were told from the viewpoint of some other character. Fitzgerald can't anticipate that the peruser should accept what the indecent and imprudent characters need to state, and he invests so much energy building up them all things considered. In this manner, Carraway is regarded storyteller and the peruser confides in him. As the viable character in the novel, Carraway isn't imprudent; he isn't influenced by the covetousness and liquor as some different individuals from East and West Egg society are. He declares, I have been flushed only twice in my life (Fitzgerald 33). Fitzgerald develops Carraway as a supporter, not a man of activity. He watches Gatsby's gatherings, never completely encountering them. He watches the second prior to the kiss between the diva and her executive, in spite of the fact that Fitzgerald never subtleties the rawness of his relationship with Baker. He watches the undertaking between Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, however he never goes up against Tom Buchanan, nor does he e... ...y to recount to the story, yet in addition to study the mass dissatisfaction with the American Dream. Carraway's trustworthiness makes him perfect to speak to all that the Buchanans need and legitimizes his appreciation of Gatsby. No peruser would consider the full effect of Fitzgerald's topics had less consideration been given to the creation and execution of the character of Carraway. Works Cited and Consulted: Bewley, Marius. Scott Fizgerald's Criticism of America. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1983. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992. Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes. New York: Pantheon, 1994. Raleigh, John Henry. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. Trilling 99-103. Trilling, Lionel. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's Incredible Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.

MIT Regular Action Deadline Taking Questions

MIT Regular Action Deadline Taking Questions Please remember that January 1 is the submission deadline for students applying for regular action admission to MIT. This means that you should you should click the final submit button of your online application on or before January 1. If you are applying on paper, have the Post Office postmark and mail your materials on or before January 1. However, I strongly discourage procrastination. The closer you send in your application to the deadline, the longer it will take our records office to process and for it to appear on your Application Tracking. Our records office is fully staffed over the holidays and is, even as I write, busily processing all of the application pieces that have been submitted. Also, please note that you do not need to express mail or overnight your application. I especially encourage students who live outside the United States to submit their applications as soon as possible. I encourage you not to wait until the very last moment to submit your application. If your application is ready to go, click that button, or stamp that mail! I hope these blogs have been very helpful to you as the regular action deadline approaches. Check out the archive if you havent already, including questions answers. For questions we havent yet answered, please leave your query in the comments of this entry. On Thursday, Ill be going through the questions posted in this entrys comments and answering them, before taking a quick vacation to celebrate the new year (and then starting the regular action process soon after). So, even if youve posted your question in a different entrys comments, I hope youll post it again here so I can collect the questions altogether. Happy Boxing Day!

ADHD and White Noise - Free Essay Example

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, more commonly known as ADHD, is an inheritable, meaning that it can run in families, developmental disorder. ADHD falls into a broad spectrum of neuro-developmental disorders and is typically characterized by hyperactivity, learning difficulty, inability to focus and/or sustain attention, and impulsiveness. Typically, ADHD is diagnosed around age 7, but it can actually manifest across the lifespan. In the United States of America alone, it is estimated that between 3-7% of all children are suffering from ADHD (Boong-Nyun et al., 2010). As our knowledge of and research into ADHD expands, we have seen that ADHD is much more than an inability to focus, hyperness, and difficulty concentrating. ADHD has also been shown to affect the working memory of its victims (Watcher, 2008). Multiple areas of the brain have been the focus and received the blame for causing ADHD. From the frontal cortex, to the cerebellum, to white matter, and even glial cells (Garrett, 2009). Perhaps one of the most interesting findings in the last decade has been that, according to MRI scans, most ADHD patients have decreased volume in the prefrontal and temporal cortexes, denser gray matter, and reduced amounts of white matter (Garrett, 2009). In laymens terms, people with ADHD have smaller, more active brains than their counterparts. A simple analogy would be the ADHD brain is a Chihuahua and the average brain is a Saint Bernard. One is always active and reactive to even the smallest things, constantly jumping and barking with and without reason; whereas the other is a balance of activity and rest, lazy and watchful until something warrants attention and reaction. Another interesting thing about ADHD is that it has also been associated with catecholamine dysfunction, which is importa nt for response selection and memory formation (Espen-Borga et al, 2009). Ritalin has long been the most well known and effective treatment for ADHD, effectively used for over 60 years and successfully reducing approximately 70% of symptoms in children suffering from ADHD (Swanson et. al., 1998). However, as research has expanded, anti-depressants, SSRIs, and norepinephrine enhancers, like Concerta, Adderall, Straterra, and Focalin, have been successfully used to treat ADHD, with less side effects (Baijot et al., 2016; Garrett, 2009). It has long been known that cognitive processing is easily disturbed by incompatible environmental stimulation which distracts attention from tasks and that ADHD individuals are more vulnerable to the distraction than normal (Geffner et al, 1996). Such incompatible stimulation includes: classroom visitors, group work, other students misbehaving, etc. Such occurrences can easily get ADHD students off task and make it extremely difficult to pick back up on their train of thought. Other students misbehaving is especially bad, as it can perpetuate the ADHD childs rambunctiousness. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that certain types of task irrelevant white noise can actually improve the memory performance of ADHD students (Geran et al, 2010). Key Terms Optimal Stimulation, in humans, is the tendency to develop and/or acquire reactions in which, when we are faced with too little stimulation, we increase our stimulation, and when too much stimulation is occurring, we decrease out stimulation. For example, tapping a pen or pencil in a quiet room, while taking an exam or having completed an exam versus leaving the room or using noise reducing/cancelling devices if we are surrounded by too much auditory stimulation. People, especially children with ADHD often self stimulate and/or seek stimulation. This can be anything from bouncing their feet, to tapping pencils, to lip smacking. Optimal Stimulation Theory suggests that we can reduce self stimulatory behaviors in ADHD children by increasing environmental stimulants, because, ultimately ADHD are under-aroused by environmental stimulation, which results in their off task behaviors and distractibility (Leuba, 1955). Stimulus Reduction Theory is the counterargument of Optimal Stimulation Theory. This theory argues that the reason children with ADHD are so hyperactive and distractible is because they cannot filter out irrelevant environmental stimulation (Strauss Lehtinen, 1947). For example, an oscillating fan would provide a place of fixed attention and overwhelm a students ability to focus on the voice of his/her teacher. Therefore, stimulation should be reduced to help promote performance. However, as we have seen in studies such as Sneddon (2004) the Stimulus Reduction Theory does not have significant supporting evidence and has even failed in classroom applications. Moderate Brain Arousal is a theoretical model for ADHD that is currently garnering attention and research. MBA takes aspects from both Optimal Stimulation and Stimulus Reduction Theory, and suggests that under-aroused ADHD children will seek stimulation ad self stimulate, but that these same students will see poor attention and irritability when they are over stimulated. MBA also makes use of the idea of Stochastic Resonance, which is the name for the phenomenon in which we each have an optimal amount of noise that is beneficial for our cognitive performance. For example, some people like quiet to study and cannot focus with any noise, whereas others listen to classical music and even rock to help them focus (So?â‚ ¬derlund, Gustafsson, Bjork, 2016). Themes Typically, it is thought and believed that noise adversely effects and impairs cognitive performance, especially in children with ADHD. However, many studies conflict with this concept. Multiple studies suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD actually perform better, have less off task behavior, and experience better memory and attention during periods of white and/or pink noise than they do in quieter environments and/or silence. Research studies by Angwin et al. (2018), Cook, Bradley-Johnson, Johnson (2015), Han et al. (2013), Helps et al. (2014), Korman et al. (2017), Proverbio et al. (2018), and Tegelbeckers et al. (2015) have all found that auditory white noise can improve memory performance of students with ADHD and decrease inattentiveness and off task behaviors. Several of the aforementioned studies also held to the idea that the white noise was effective in these students because it raised students stimulation to optimal levels, as suggested by Optimal Stimulation T heory and MBA Models. Soderlund et al. (2010) and Baijot et al. (2016) even provided indications that children and adolescents experiencing inattentiveness without ADHD benefit from the use of classroom white noise. Not all studies, however, demonstrate that noise has a facilitative effect on cognitive performance. One study by Cook, Bradley-Johnson, Johnson (2014), showed no change in the academic performance of ADHD students when they used white noise, but a minor reduction in off-task behaviors. There has also been significant research showing that noise can be detrimental to cognitive focus and ability. Dalton and Behm (2007) and Kampe, Sedlmeier, Pekewitz (2010) demonstrated in their research studies that there are instances in which background noise can be detrimental to performance, as well as providing inconsistent results. Both Daltons study and Kampes study have shown that while the background music can have a positive effect on motivation and emotional response, it negatively effects the cognitive processing of language. Summary Significant numbers of research studies suggest that low level white noise can significantly reduce off task behaviors of students with attention deficit disorders. Most of the literature suggests that the attention and memory of students with attention disorders is improved through the use of white noise. Furthermore, the research significantly implies that the implementation of white noise in classrooms not only helps students receiving drug therapy for ADHD, but may also provide an option for struggling students with ADHD whos parents are resistant to drug therapies.

The Master Of Their Destiny - 1446 Words

There are many philological arguments for and against this notion of can one be the master of their destiny. The focus of this essay is to demonstrate how one can be the master of their destiny through a compatibilist point of view. It offers a point of view that states determinism is compatible with free will. Even though there are many arguments against this theory compatibilism offers people a alternative way of thinking, than that their life is already planned out for them out of their control. A compatibilist or also known as a soft determinist holds the belief that free will and determinism are evidently linked or are compatible with each other. Determinism states that every event is casually necessitated by antecedent events, that†¦show more content†¦Although our actions can be determined we can still be held responsible or accountable for our voluntary actions. Would it then not suggest that if we can be held responsible for our actions, deserving blame and punishment that we were not in control of our actions. An example of this is the London bombings, which took place in 2005 in London’s transport systems. Each suicide bomber freely chose to take their own life to cause the death and harm of others. They were in total control of their actions where they could have chosen not to go through with the bombing but chose to blow themselves up causing the death of others. As we are to be held accountable for our actions it shows that out actions are done freely even though we live in a deterministic world. This identifies that we can be the masters of our own destiny as free will is a condition of moral responsibility, and evidently compatible with determinism. Determinists believe that all events in one life are casually determined and that a person does not have control over these events. A compatibilist however believes our past or heredity and certain events are determined; however we still have the freedom of choice or action for the result of these events and our future. From this a compatibilist states even though a person, determined to be born with specific genes and features into a specific family, country, culture and religion we can still choose our future freely by how we act on these.

7 Common Questioning Problems Teachers Encounter

Is Adderall a Stimulant or a Depressant

One common drug question is whether Adderall, a drug commonly prescribed for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), is a stimulant or a depressant. Adderall is an amphetamine, which means it is a stimulant, in the same class of chemicals that includes methamphetamine and benzedrine. Technically, Adderall consists of a mixture of amphetamines: racemic amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, racemic amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharide, and dextroamphetamine sulfate. The drugs effects include euphoria, increased wakefulness, increased focus, increased libido, and diminished appetite. Adderall effects blood pressure, cardiac function, respiration, muscles, and digestive function. As with other amphetamines, it is addictive and discontinuing its use may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Part of the confusion over whether the drug is a stimulant or depressant arises from the different effects people experience depending on dose and individual physiology. While one person may feel jittery and hyper after taking Adderall, another may feel more an increased sense of focus. Sources Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ (June 2013). Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J. Psychopharmacol. 27 (6): 479–496. doi:10.1177/0269881113482532Stahl SM (March 2017). Amphetamine (D,L). Prescribers Guide: Stahls Essential Psychopharmacology (6th ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–51. ISBN 9781108228749.

Intrusion Prevention System Assignment Example

Essays on Intrusion Prevention System Assignment The paper "Intrusion Prevention System" is an outstanding example of an assignment on information technology. In my opinion, the argument presented in response to the failure of the firewall to prevent intrusion is plausible; since the firewall cannot protect a whole network from intrusion by all forms of intrusion. While it can help in preventing the intrusion of the local networks by internet attacks, it might not be able to prevent internal intrusion. Therefore, the dependency on the firewall alone is not sufficient security measure, since it leaves the internal intrusion uncovered, which is another intrusion threat. Additionally, I agree that DA Company ought to have applied an Intrusion Prevention System since it would have helped to detect any anomaly or alteration in the performance of the company’s network, and thus help to detect the intrusion by Billy since his activities on the network would have been detected as an anomaly.   Response to Second question and answerIn concurring with the response to this question, Honey pots are used as a side trap for tracking hackers and other intruders into a network system. However, depending on how honey pots are used, they might end-up being discovered by the intruders as only traps, more so if they are not developed in a manner that makes them appear like genuine networks. Therefore, the efficiency and effectiveness of honey ports depend on the ability to develop them and locate them at the most appropriate locations in the networks, where the hackers and intruders cannot easily discover them as traps. Thus, in agreement with the answer to this question, adequate resources, manpower as well as proper planning and timing on the honey pots placement is essential, to make them effective network security tools.

Qwl Journal of Management and Business Research Free Essays

Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume 12 Issue 18 Version 1. 0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4588 Print ISSN: 0975-5853 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh By Mohammad Baitul Islam East West University (EWU, BD) Abstract – Quality of work life is a critical concept with having lots of importance in employee’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Qwl Journal of Management and Business Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quality of work life indicates a proper balance both in work and personal life which also ensure organizational productivity and employee’s job satisfaction. This research study attempted to find out the factors that have an impact and significance influence on quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh. To begin with the factors are identified through literature review and current context of Bangladesh. Seven factors were found and a quantitative research was done. After developing a questionnaire, survey was conducted among 100 employees. The outcome of the research is that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life. The study concluded that an appropriate organization culture, compensation policy, career growth and relative facilities can leads to a satisfied employee mindset which ensure the overall organization productivity. Keywords : Quality of work life, Job satisfaction, Organization Productivity, Career, Organization Culture, Relative Facility. GJMBR-A Classification : FOR Code: 150305, 150311 JEL Code: J28, O15 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:  © 2012. Mohammad Baitul Islam. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3. 0 Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Business Management Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/business-management-study-guide/embed/#?secret=auPR4i5lIO" data-secret="auPR4i5lIO" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Business Management Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Mohammad Baitul Islam Abstract – Quality of work life is a critical concept with having lots of importance in employee’s life. Quality of work life indicates a proper balance both in work and personal life which also ensure organizational productivity and employee’s job satisfaction. This research study attempted to find out the factors that have an impact and significance influence on quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh. To begin with the factors are identified through literature review and current context of Bangladesh. Seven factors were found and a quantitative research was done. After developing a questionnaire, survey was conducted among 100 employees. The outcome of the research is that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life. The study concluded that an appropriate organization culture, compensation policy, career growth and relative facilities can leads to a satisfied employee mindset which ensure the overall organization productivity. Keywords : Quality of work life, Job satisfaction, Organization Productivity, Career, Organization Culture, Relative Facility. II. Background of the Study n Bangladesh a good number of people are working in private sector and they contribute a certain level of valuable time to their companies. In there, they give their best effort to get an appreciation and for company’s goodwill. But quality of work life is such a concept which needs a certain balance both in professional and personal life. This research is all about identifying the factors that directly affects one’s quality of work life. It is very important to have a positive quality of work life experience if someone wants to give his or her 100 percent effort to the company. Quality of work life is a philosophy or set of principals which holds that people are trustworthy, responsible and capable of making valuable contribution to the organization (Rose, Beh, Uli Idris, 2006). However, quality of work life is directly influenced by job satisfaction and external environment and personal like. There should have be a proper level of balance in work life and total life space. In my research, I have identified some major factors that Author : BBA (Marketing HRM) MBA (HRM), East West University (EWU, BD). PGD (Marketing Management), Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM, BD). E-mail : baitul_islam@hotmail. com I I. Introduction It is very important for employees to have a sound mindset in their work field in order to utilize their full potential and to add value to the organization. A satisfied employee is an asset for a company as he or she will ensure the full productivity. To begin with, quality of work life is such a concept that directly related to the satisfaction. According to Dolan, Garcia, Cabezas and Tzafrir (2008), quality of work life is a major concern for employees and how organizations compact with this issue is both of academic and practical consequence. Therefore, job satisfaction and satisfaction in private life both are important for having a positive quality of work life experience. Mostly the quality of work life considers the work life and it is to change the climate at work along with human-technological-organizational interface (Luthans, 1995). According to (Davis Cherns, 1975; Sashkin Burke, 1987), quality of work life is not only enhancing the company’s productivity but also employee identification and a sense of belonging and pride in their work. Based on various researches we can identify some determinants of quality of work life which are – adequate and fair compensation, safe and health work environment, opportunity for career growth and security, social integration in the work organization which relates to freedom of speech, work and total life space and the social relevance to the work. 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I may directly affect the quality of work life experience and the factors are, work load, working condition and career growth, compensation and benefits, working environment which are directly influence the job satisfaction. These factors are controllable by the company. Besides, family life and transportat ion facilities are the other factors that directly influenced individual’s mental motivation in Bangladesh. However, the meaning of quality of work life may vary to different people. So the primary objective of this research is to test the reliability of identified factors that influenced the quality of work life and the insights are captured from the employees of private limited companies of Bangladesh. Based on the primary objective and data evaluation, a recommendation has been drawn in my research. Year 2012 23 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh 24 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I In Bangladesh candidate’s supply is more than the demand therefore it is difficult to find one’s suitable job in the market. Though the private companies are increasing but employee satisfaction is still a major concern for quality of work life. Along with that, in Bangladesh employee satisfaction can be hampered by private life also. Transportation engagement is a major part of private life and in Bangladesh lack of transportation facility is a vital issue for late coming in the office. In this study I have included family life and transportation facility in to the quality of work life concept. These two factors are also related to mental health of employees and a sound mental health is very important to gain enthusiasm in the work. However, I have also included some other factors which works inside the organization and also related to quality of work life of employees. In the context of quality of work life, organizations have policies and benefits for proper employee valuation. Quality of work life is often considered in two direction, one is to removal of negative aspects of work and working conditions and other direction is the modification of work and working conditions to enhance the capability of employees and to promote behavior which important for individual and society (Kotze, 2005). According to Dessler (1981), quality of work life was seen as the level to which employees are able to satisfy their personal needs not only in terms of material matters but also of self respect, contentment and an opportunity to use their talents make contribution and for personal growth. So it is very important for an organization to provide employees proper valuation which will satisfy them and will ensure the productivity. III. ? Research Objectives a) Broad Objectives Determining the Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh. b) Specific Objectives ? ? ? ? Determining the variables that affect the quality of work life of employees. Determining which variable plays the most significant role on quality of work life. Establishing hypothesis on the basis of the research work. Drawing a qualitative and quantitative conclusion on the basis of the survey. IV. Literature Review Based on researchers analysis numerical articles have been written on quality of work life. In case of Bangladesh the research article on quality of work life is very few. In this study I have tried my best to introduce some concerning factors that affects the quality of work life of those people who are working in private sector of Bangladesh. I do believe several advantages are associated with my study. Quality of work life is such a concept that indicates a balance both in personal and professional life of an individual. Therefore; it can be hampered if someone is not satisfied with his or her work life or family life. However; positive quality of work life experience is very important and it is directly interrelated with job satisfaction and productivity. It is a fact which also controls the mental health. According to Plug, Louow Gouws (1991) mental health is a state of relative good alteration that is escorted by feeling of satisfaction, a zest for life and the actualization of potential skills as well as absence of psychopathological conditions. So to have a positive quality of work life experience, a good quality of life is very important. Mendola and Pellingrini (1979) summarized quality of life as it is the individual’s accomplishment of a satisfactory social situation within the limits of apparent physical ability. Every human has a concern about their life and quality comes out when it the concentrations ends with some specific points. According to Shin and Johnson (1978) Quality of life is the ownership of resources necessary for the satisfaction of individual needs, wants and desires, participation in the activities permitting personal development and self actualization and satisfactory comparison between oneself and others. Moreover, a proper balance in quality of work life can generate more productivity for an organization. A satisfied employee can give more than 100 percent contribution to his or her company. If we consider the whole organization as an internal environment then it becomes very important to have optimum work pressure, accurate benefits and enough facility along with career development within the company. All of these interrelated with the job satisfaction and therefore quality of work life. Besides, if we consider the external environment then family life, social status and transportation will be the vital factors. So having a proper balance in these areas is also important. In Bangladesh a great amount of people are working in private limited companies and the number of private company is increasing day by day. Considering the large number of population, in Bangladesh the human resource supply is more than the demand. Therefore, the bargaining power is more for company where candidates are having less bargain power. On the other hand, lots of employees are not running on their suitable jobs. It seriously affects their career development. Most of the employees consider compensation package and benefits, position, work load and career development as their satisfaction benchmark. However, in Bangladesh transportation facility is another very important factor that directly Year 2012  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh affects employee’s mental health. Based on this, some upper level company like Grameenphone limited, Robi, Unilever Bangladesh, Nestle Bangladesh, Banglalink, some private banks, private universities has develop their own culture and working environment. Besides, a good compensation package and benefits are offered by them. All of these are important for job satisfaction and finally quality of work life. In Bangladesh, companies are mainly performance oriented and their organizational culture and work pressure may be the reason of dissatisfaction in quality of work life. As human supply is more so high turnover rate and high competition is also a major concern regarding quality of work life. Quality of work life has been defined in various ways. According to Rose, Beh, Uli and Idris (2006); quality of work life is a philosophy or set of principals, which holds that people are trustworthy, responsible and capable of making a valuable contribution to the organization. It also involves respect and the elements that are relevant to an individual quality of work life include task, working environment, organizational culture, administrative system and the relationship between on the job and off the job life. Serey (2006), define quality of work life as it is a certain and best meet the existing work environment along with meaningful and satisfying work. It also includes: a. an opportunity to implement one’s talents and abilities to face challenges that require independent initiative and self direction. b. an activity thought to be valuable by the individual’s involvement. c. n activity in which the role of individual in achievement of some overall goals is understandable. d. a sense of taking pride in what one is doing and in doing it well. Lau, Wong, Chan and Law (2001) measures quality of work life as the favorable working atmosphere that chains and promotes satisfaction by giving employees with rewards, job security and career develop ment opportunity. Therefore quality of work life and its relationship with employee health and performance has become an explicit objective for many of the human resource policies in modern organizations (Dolan, Saba, Jackson Schuler, 2007). Heskett, Sasser and Schlesinger (1997) summarize quality of work life as the outlook that employees have towards their job, colleagues and organization that light a chain leading to the organization’s growth and profitability. Quality of life is such a concept which is basically associated with satisfaction mainly in the work life and Mirvis and Lawler (1984) highlighted that salary, working hours, working condition, safe working environment and opportunities for advancement describes- the basic components of a good quality of work life. Hackman and Oldhams (1980) suggest the V. Conceptual Framework A conceptual framework has been developed (Figure 1) that is one of the relative construct of this study. VI. Hypotheses Development 1= Word load has an impact on quality of work life of the employees 2 = Family life affects the quality of work life of the employees 3 = Transportation facilities affect quality of work life of the employees 4 = Compensation and benefits affects quality of work life of the employees = Colleagues and supervisor relationship affects quality of work life of the employees 6 = Working environment has an impact over quality of work life of the employees 7 = Working condition and career growth opportunities affects quality of work life of the employees VII. Based on research question following hypotheses has been developed for the study- Research Methodology The type of research used in this article is of descriptive nature. Through this descriptive research, the article sought to determine the answers to why,  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I constructs of quality of work life in relation to the interaction between work environment and personal needs. Along with structural modification good relation between supervisor and subordinates is important for a good quality of work life (Bertrand and Scott, 1992). Quality of work life refers the quality of life that is associated with job characteristics and work conditions as well as capability of shaping a job with an employee’s option, interest and needs (Lawler 1982; and Beukema 1987; Datta 1999). Katzell et. Al (1975) defined quality of work life more broadly as an individual’s valuation of the outcome of the work relationship. They observed employee can have positive quality of work life if he has positive feelings towards his job, if he is motivated with his private life and if he has a balance between the two terms of his personal values. To conclude, most of the studies on quality of work life are focused on personality and job satisfaction in where some studies also focused on motivation, organization culture and individual’s needs and desire. In the context of Bangladesh the most important factors that directly affect the quality of work life are work load, compensation and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working condition and career development, working environment, family life and transportation facilities. After evaluation of studies and considering the nation these factors individually has an impact on quality of work life. 25 Year 2012 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh 26 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I hat, where and how questions of the existing employees in public sector of Bangladesh and their expectations. It also involves collecting information that explain people’s beliefs, knowledge, attitude and behavior (Fink, 1995, Sommer Sommer, 1996). Primary data was collected through telephone and online survey for analysis and secondary data was be used as a support tool. A total of 100 sample size considered to be adequate for my study. Each and every response is checked thoroughly for incomplete and missing response. The questionnaire has two parts in were the first part contains some demographic information. Table 1 gives a proper summary of this sort of information. In the second part, the questionnaire contains 32 items to construct the seven independent variables along with a dependent variable in my study. The selected independent variables are: work load, compensation and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment, working condition and career growth, family life and transportation. A five point Likert scale (1= Strongly Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree) was used to collect data from the respondents. The questionnaire was outlined in English and understandable. Reliability analysis was done to identify the reliability of my study. Beside this, regression analysis, hypothesis testing was done for a proper justification and to draw an appropriate recommendation in my study. VIII. mean scores of the factors of QWL with standard deviation also shown (Table 4) in my study. i. Hypotheses Testing To conduct the hypothesis test a regression analysis has been done and seven factors which have an effect in quality of work life are considered. However, details of the influence of independent variable over dependent variable have been shown in Table 7. First hypothesis was 1 , Word load has an impact on quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 1 is accepted. Second hypothesis was 2 , Family life affects the quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 2 is accepted. Third hypothesis was 3 , Transportation facilities affect quality of work life of the employees. In this case, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 007, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 3 is accepted. My fourth hypothesis was 4 , Compensation and benefits affects quality of work life of the employees. Here, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 4 is accepted. My fifth hypothesis was 5, Colleagues and supervisor relationship affects quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 332, which is greater than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is accepted and H5, is rejected. Sixth hypothesis was 6, working environment has an impact over quality of work life of the employees. The significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 014, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and is accepted. Final hypothesis was 7 working condition and career growth opportunities affects quality of work life of the employees. The significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 009, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 7 is accepted. ii. Regression Analysis From the regression analysis (Table 5), I found the R square value to be 0. 425 meaning 42. 5% of the variability in the quality of work life of employees in the private limited companies in Bangladesh can be explained by these seven independent factors. In this case the independent variables are work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment and working condition and career growth. From the ANOVA table we see that the significance value is 0. 000 (Table Year 2012 Data Analysis and Findings My study contains 69% male respondent and 31% female respondent (Table 1). Among them 94% respondent’s age is in between 21-30 years and rest of 6% respondents is under 31-40 years of age. However, 44% respondents already have 2-3 years of professional experience in where 27% respondents have 3-5 years of experience. Moreover, some fresher’s are having 1-2 years of experiences are also included in my study and the percentage is 23%. A reliability analysis is commonly used to identify the internal consistency of the variables. However, Cronbach’s alpha is commonly used to test the reliability and the range of alpha coefficient value is in between 0 to 1. The higher value indicates the higher reliability (Hair, et al. , 1992). A value more than . 70 is significantly good measure for sufficient scale of reliability (Cronbach, 1951, Nunnally, 1987). According to the Cronbach’s alpha test the value of alpha in my study is 0. 732 (Table 2 Table 3) which is higher than minimum acceptable value. Therefore, 73. 20% of data are reliable in my study. This reliable analysis has been done for all dependent and independent variables and so far I am satisfied. Besides, this reliability test contains 32 items based on which I make my hypothesis test. A  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) a) Demographic Data Analysis b) Secondary Data Analysis Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh ), thus proving that the model is valid and significant. However, among 7 factors six of them (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have positive and significance influence on quality of work life. Only single factor named colleagues and supervisor has no significance impact on quality of work l ife. Probably, respondents have given less notice on it. iii. Limitation This research study has some limitation and the major limitation factor for this report is complexity of the topic. Since the survey will be conducted on questionnaire therefore it is a great challenge to ensure the actual validity of the response. In some cases, the topics were not understood by the employees who have minimal idea about the quality of work life. Respondents are selected only from Dhaka city; therefore this research does not reflect the perception of employees of each corner of Bangladesh. However unwillingness of respondents was another limitation of my study. Moreover, R Square (0. 425) is comparatively low which means that other factors can also influence the quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh. v. References References Referencias 1. Arts, E. J. , Kerksta, J. and Van der Zee (2001) Quality of Working Life and Workload in Home Help Nordic College of Caring Sciences, 12-22. 2. Baptiste, N. R. (2008). Tightening the link between employee well-being at work and performance: A new dimension for HRM. Management Decision, 46(2), 284-309. 3. Be rtrand, J. (1992). Designing quality into work life. Quality Progress, 12, 29-33. 4. Carayon, P. (1997). Temporal Issues of Quality of Working Life and Stress in Human Computer Interaction. International Journal of HumanComputer Interaction, 9(4), 325-342. 5. Carayon, P. , Hoonakker, S. Scwarz, J. (2003). Job Characteristics and Quality of Working Life in the IT workforce: The role of gender, ACM SIGMIS CPR Conference. Edited by E. Trauth, April. 10-12, 2003, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: ACM Press, 5863 6. Cooper, C. L. (1991). Stress in organizations. In M. Smith (Ed. ), Analysing Organisational Behaviour. London: MacMillan. 7. Cummings, T. G. , Molly, E. S. (1997). Improving Productivity and the Quality of Work Life. New York: Praeger Publishers. 8. Danna, K. , Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and wellbeing in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357384. . Davison, Efraty, D. , Sirgy, M. J. (1990). The effects of quality of working life (QWL) on employee behavioural responses. Social Indicators Research, 22, 31-37. 10. Elizur, D. , Shye, S. (1990). Quality of work life and its relation to quality of life. Applied Psychology: International Review, 39(3), 275-291. 11. Fisher, C. D. , Schoenfeldt, L. F. and Shaw, J. B. (2004) Human Resources Management. Biztantra: New Delhi. 12. Goodman, P. S. (1980), ? Quality of Work Life Projects in 1980’s? Industrial Relations Research Association: pp-487-494  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) 27 Conclusion and Recommendation This research study is tried to examine the factors that have an impact on quality of work life of employees of private limited companies in Bangladesh. The seven factors are work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment and working condition and career growth. The outcome of the research indicates that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefit, working environment and working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life and the remaining factor (colleagues and supervisor) has no ignificant influence on quality of work life. From the finding, it can be recommended that quality of work life is such a critical concept that might be disturbed due to dissatisfaction of mind set. However, the companies can focus on their employee’s welfare by providing them a better and attractive compensation policy, optimum work load and by providing a superior work environment. The private companies should create a career growth opportunity within their environment that may lead to a better performance and therefore a better productivity. Moreover, participation management will increase the enthusiasm of employees as they will have an opportunity to participate with their ideas. So the private companies of Bangladesh can focus on it. On the other Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 hand, transportation is such a factor which is seriously involve in mental satisfaction. Therefore, if the companies can provide a transportation facility then they might grab a positive impression from employees and the employees may not need to harass by external environment. However, the government of Bangladesh can take some steps to provide adequate and affordable transportation facilities for the local people. Finally, I think if the company could manage our work life along with the transportation facility, our family or private life could be managed as we will be mentally happy. Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh 28 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I 13. Glasier, E (1976), ? State of the Art, Questions about Quality of Work Life? Personnel. 14. Hanlon, M. D. and Gladstein, D. L. (1984) Improving the Quality of Work Life in Hospitals: A Case Study, Hospital Health Service Administration, 29(5), 94107. 15. Havlovic, S. J. (1991) Quality of Work Life and Human Resource Outcomes, Industrial Relations, 30(3), 469-479. 16. Khan, A. A. (2008). Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations (2nd Edn. ). Abir Publications: Dhaka. 17. Loscocco, K. A. and Roschelle, A. R. (1991) Influences on the Quality of Work and Non- Work Life: Two Decades in Review, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39(2), 182-225. 8. Lambert, S. J. (1990). Process linking work and family: A critical review and research agenda. Human Relations, 43, 239-257. 19. Lawler, E. E. (1975). Measuring the psychological quality of working life: The why and how of it, in L. E. Davis and A. B. Cherns (Ed. ), The Quality of Working Life, Vol. 1 (pp. 123-133). New York: Free Press. 20. Periman, S. L. (2006), â€Å"Human Resource Innovators, integrating quality of work life into organizational performance†, http://www. quaiindia. com [accessed 15 Jan 2010]. 21. Rose, R. C. , Beh, L. S. , Uli, J. , Idris, K. 2006) Quality of Work Life: Implications of Career Dimensions, Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 61-67. 22. Saraji, G. N. Dargahi, H. (2006), â€Å"Study of Quality of Work Life (QWL)†, Iranian Journal of Publication Health 35(4), 8-14. 23. Walton, R. E. (1975), Criteria for Quality of Working Life, in Davis, L. E. Cherns, A. B. (eds. ), The quality of working life, New York: The Free Press, pp. 99104. 24. Wyatt, T. A. Wah, C. Y. (2001), â€Å"Perceptions of QWL: A study of Singaporean Employees Development†, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management 9 (2), 59-76 Year 2012  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Figure 1 : A Conceptual frame work of Factors affecting Quality of Work Life. Family Life Transportation Private Life Quality of Work Life 29 Work Life Work Load Compensation and Benefits Working Environment Colleagues and Supervisor Working Condition and Career Growth Table 1 : Demographic Profile of Respondent. Gender Male Female (%) 69. 00 31. 00 Age 21-30 years 31- 40 years 40 years an (%) 94. 00 6. 00 0. 00 Position Executive Sr. Executive Officer Sr. Officer Asst. Manager Manager Merchandiser Asst. Territory Officer Territory Manager Management Trainee Teacher Specialist Total 100. 00 Total 100. 00 Total (%) 48. 00 4. 00 19. 00 4. 00 6. 00 2. 00 2. 00 3. 00 3. 00 2. 00 4. 00 3. 00 100. 00 Total 100. 00 Year of 1-2 Years 2-3 Years 3-5 Years 5-7 Years 8 Years and (%) 23. 00 44. 00 27. 00 4. 00 2. 00  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Table 2 : Reliability Statistics. Cronbach’s Alpha . 32 Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items . 786 N of Items 32 Table 3 : Reliability Tests. Factor’s Name Items 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Values 0. 796 0. 60 0. 825 0. 526 0. 821 0. 927 0. 809 0. 471 Quality of Work Life (Dependent) Work Load (Independent) Family Life ((Independent)) Transportation (Independent) Compensation Policy and Benefits (Independent) Colleagues and Supervisor (Independent) Working Environment (Independent) Working Condition and Career Growth (Independent) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 30 2 Table 4 : Mean Scores of the Factors of QWL. Factors Workload Family Life Transportation Compensation Policy Colleagues and Supervisor Working Environment Working Condition and Career Growth Mean 3. 0800 3. 4350 3. 4900 2. 5325 4. 0325 3. 8700 3. 4850 Std. Deviation . 50861 . 94054 . 86524 1. 02473 . 74845 . 76581 . 64630 Table 5 : Regression Analysis. Model 1 R . 652(a) R Square . 425 Adjusted R Square . 381 Std. Error of the Estimate . 48606 a. Predictors: (Constant), Working Condition and Career Growth, Work Load, Transportation, Compensation Policy, Family Life, Colleagues and Supervisor, Working Environment Table 6 : ANOVA. Model Regression 1 Residual Total Sum of Squares 16. 072 21. 735 37. 807 df 7 92 99 Mean Square 2. 296 . 236 F 9. 718 Sig. .000(a) a. Predictors: (Constant), Working Condition and Career Growth, Work Load, Transportation, Compensation Policy, Family Life, Colleagues and Supervisor, Working Environment b. Dependent Variable: QWL  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Table 7 : Hypothesis Testing. Coefficients (a) Model (Constant) Work Load Family Life Transportation Compensation Policy Colleagues and Supervisor Working Environment Working Condition and Career Growth Unstandardized Coefficients B 3. 425 . 577 . 287 -. 218 -. 245 -. 104 . 309 -. 308 Std. Error . 604 . 123 . 073 . 078 . 058 . 107 . 123 . 115 . 475 . 436 -. 305 -. 407 -. 126 . 382 -. 322 Standardized Coefficients Beta 5. 668 4. 705 3. 943 -2. 782 -4. 206 -. 974 2. 518 -2. 682 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 332 . 014 . 009 . 007 t Sig. 1 a. Dependent Variable: QWL  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 31 How to cite Qwl Journal of Management and Business Research, Essays

Production Management Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Production Management for Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction Production and Operations Management is a part of management in any business that deals with the use of input raw materials, processing and production, marketing and distribution of goods and services that are fit for consumer use (Kumar et all, 2009). Therefore, it is concerned about how a business manages its operations in order for it to meet the customers needs and satisfaction. However, production systems or processes are the activities that are involved in receiving raw materials and processing them in the desired that will satisfy a consumers needs and wants as well as make the management satisfied (Vidal et all, 2002). These activities are usually organized and are aligned with the customers needs and the businesss objectives and goals (Mentzer et al, 2008). This essay is going to discuss the operational issues that are challenging Hawkesbury Cabinets limited (as stated in the case study). Operational issues are the problems that are involved in the production process, marketing, distribution of products, running of the business and managing the entire business activities (Kleindorfer et al, 2005). Therefore, the essay is going to identify these issues and give a solution to some of them. As stated in the case study, Hawkesbury Cabinets uses different production processes and in its business activities and operations. It is the businesss tradition to focus on custom-made cabinets for their customers. They only made the cabinets after receiving an order from their customers with the exact specifics and facts of what the customer wanted for their cabinet. This therefore means that the business used the made to order production process. This where the product is made only after the customer has given his requirements, characteristics and facts about what kind of product or service they want (Hockley, 2010). This method is good because the producer does not know what the customer desires and does not take chances of guesswork and so he/she relies fully on the customers information. Because of this process, the business began to make good profits, sales increased and it started to become popular in the region. This therefore led to the business being assigned a contract to produce high quality and standardized cabinets for small spec builders. However, the contract required Hawkesbury to make the cabinets in small batches which were designed for one to five kitchen cabinet specifications. This shows that Hawkesbury Cabinets used the batch production process in its operations. In this kind of production process, an activity passes through a functional department in form of batches or lots but with each activity having its own different routing (Vidal et al, 1997). In this process, the business may make a batch of a product and then set up the equipment again to be able to make another product of the same characteristics or even of different characteristics depending on what the product is and what the customer requires (Kouvelis et al, 2006). Advantages Plant and the machinery are flexible therefore better utilization. Satisfaction in jobs and better operations of the business activities. Promotes functional and specialization. Low investment in plant and machinery. Has low production lead time and cost. Disadvantages Material handling, production, planning and control becomes complex. High set up costs caused by the frequent changes in equipment and machine set ups. However, the cabinets that were made through this process started becoming important to Hawkesbury Cabinet. They were accounting for 40% of the businesss factory volume and 20% of the sales revenue for Hawkesbury Limited which meant a big improvement for the business in terms of its operations and production processing methods. According to the information given in the case study, Hawkesbury uses a single manufacturing facility where both the custom and standardized cabinets are made and sold. The custom cabinet making equipment is designed to produce a variety of cabinet designs which means that it is highly flexible. The business has also grouped the machines, equipment and tools according to their use in different sections of the facility. E.g. the saws and cutting tables are stored in one section, routers and shapers in a different section, painting and finishing done in a different section to name just but a few sections of the business partitions. This evidently shows that Hawkesbury uses also the mass production process in addition to the made to order and batch production processes. Research shows that in this production process, a business focuses on production of large quantities and varieties of goods or services at a low cost per unit but in the same building and using the same equipment and machines (Thomas et al, 1996). It involves standardization of both the product or service and the process sequence, dedicated special equipment and machines that have high production capacities and output rates, large volumes of products with short time cycle, easy production and planning process as well as handling of the materials automatically. Nevertheless, this process has its limitations and advantages (Kouvelis et all, 2006) Advantages The inventory process is low. Higher capacity utilization and rate of production. Low or reduced processing cycle time. Fewer number of skilled employees are required. Low production cost per unit. Limitations The line layout needs major and frequent changes according to the product design changes. Breakdown of one processing machine may stop the entire production process. High investments are needed for the production facilities. The use of this process has brought a positive impact to the Hawkesbury Limited business. The cabinets that are displayed by the business after completion are therefore able to reflect the craftsmanship of the individual makers as well as the good quality of the raw materials used. However, there was a negative impact in the fact that the standardized and the custom-made cabinets competed for attention from the craftsmen during production which was not a good sign for good business management and operations. From the case study, Hawkesbury Cabinets Limited increased its sales of the builders cabinets which was brought about by the increased line of builders kitchens which led to the management doing more work scheduling to keep up the businesss production rate as well as maintaining it. However, the custom-made cabinets were given priority because they always gave higher sales and profit margins. This therefore meant that the standardized cabinets were to be set aside without total completion instead were left as work in progress for a while (Barrile et all 2002). It is evident that Hawkesbury Cabinets was therefore using job shop production process where most of the products are usually not complete but left as Work in Progress (WIP) which are contained in different stages of production processes. This process involves high variety of product but with low volumes, highly skilled employees are required, large material, inputs and tools inventories, good planning is required and use of general purpose machines and equipment (Handley et all, 2009). Advantages A large variety and amounts of products are produced by using the general purpose equipment. Employees skills are well utilized hence making them more competent and specialized in their jobs. Limitations Large working space required. Production planning is complicated and complex. This process brought about increased growth of the business in general, custom kitchen cabinets sale remained strong and that of the builders increased rapidly. Nevertheless, this process caused more negative impacts, like: decrease in profit margins, high costs related to builders cabinets, increased capital being tied up in raw materials inventory, WIP and finished product, lack of enough space for work and for expansion among other problems that were caused. This led to the businesss decision to hire or rent the nearby warehouse space so that it can accommodate the business operations and products. Conclusion To conclude, it is evident that Hawkesbury Cabinets uses some of the best, popular and famous production processes that are effective for such a business. However, in relation to job shop product production process, it has to do some changes because this is the process that has led to the most number of negative impacts in Hawkesburys operations (Gupta et all, 2009). Otherwise, the business can do well or even better without the job shop production process. References Barrile, S. and Cameron, T. (2002).Business management. South Yarra, Vic.: VCTA Pub. Gupta, S., Koulamas, C. and Kyparisis, G. (2009). E-Business: A Review of Research Published in Production and Operations Management (1992-2008).Production and Operations Management, 18(6), pp.604-620. Handley, S. and Benton, W. (2009). Unlocking the business outsourcing process model.Journal of Operations Management, 27(5), pp.344-361. Hockley, L. (2010).Global operations management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Kumar, S. and Suresh, N. (2009).Operations management. New Delhi: New Age International. Kleindorfer, P.R., Singhal, K. and Wassenhove, L.N., 2005. Sustainable operations management.Production and operations management,14(4), pp.482-492. Kouvelis, P., Chambers, C. and Wang, H., 2006. Supply chain management research and production and operations management: Review, trends, and opportunities.Production and Operations Management,15(3), pp.449-469. Mentzer, J.T., Stank, T.P. and Esper, T.L., 2008. Supply chain management and its relationship to logistics, marketing, production, and operations management.Journal of Business Logistics,29(1), pp.31-46. Slack, N. and Lewis, M. eds., 2005.Operations management(Vol. 10). Psychology Press. Thomas, Douglas J., and Paul M. Griffin. "Coordinated supply chain management."European journal of operational research94, no. 1 (1996): 1-15. Vidal, C., Tsikriktsis, N. and Frohlich, M., 2002. Case research in operations management.International journal of operations production management, 22 (2), pp.195-219. Westbrook, R., 1995. Action research: a new paradigm for research in production and operations management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,15(12), pp.6-20.

Never Back Down free essay sample

Have you ever had one of those moments when you wished nothing more than to Just give up and leave everything behind? Stupid question, everybody has those moments. Well, for me it was more like I couldnt simply lie down and give up. This big realization came to me when I was about ten years old, during the third practice football game of the season. TWEET! The whistle to start the game finally came. My stomach was buzzing with angry butterflies.However, In my case they felt more Like wasps the size of grapefruits. We had been practicing to face off last years runner-ups, the fat little joys from the park down the street, aptly called the Rhinos. They were big, mean, and smelled Like they had been bathing In their mascots droppings. We were the Wolves. Our team was smaller, but we had speed and skill on our side. We will write a custom essay sample on Never Back Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Who has ever heard of a wolf overpowering a rhino? We were destined for failure.We lined up and got into position, facing down, or rather facing up, our competitors, getting ready to fight for our victory. The first half of the game was brutal. I could feel my head pounding from getting rammed into the dirt over and over again. My arms were sore, and my legs were screaming for a break. The rest of the team wasnt much better. We put our hands into the soft cool grass, waiting for our quarterback to start his cadence. It was as if everything slowed down and became like one huge thunderstorm.The screaming and shouting of the parents sounded like thunder pounding away at the sky in the distance, our helmets and bodies clashing together was the lightning striking the earth, and the rain was poor Johnny who scrapped his arm. He never could hold in his tears. Again and again we got knocked down, and Im still not sure what kept us going, but at the end of the game, we actually won. Sometime during that game, I remember thinking to myself, Dont you dare quit. As soon as you quit, everything else will follow. I dont remember exactly what I was referring to, but looking back on it now, it taught me a pretty important lesson. Instead of having a moment when I wanted to give up and Just leave everything behind, I believed that if I DID give up, then I would never be who I wanted to be. I would Just be another person who didnt give his all to anything. So yea, maybe one wolf cant defeat a rhino, but eleven who hate losing Is a force to be reckoned with. By Agedness angry butterflies.However, in my case they felt more like wasps the size of and smelled like they had been bathing in their mascots droppings. We were the competitors, getting ready to fight for our victory. The first half of the game was thinking to myself, Dont you dare quit. As soon as you quit, everything else will follow. I dont remember exactly what I was referring to, but looking back on it now, it never be who I wanted to be. I would Just be another person who didnt give his all to anything.

Effects and causes of cell phone Usage Among male

Abstract This Study will be carried out to establish the causes and effects of cell phone use among male students at Al Ittihad National School. It will specifically determine the various factors that may cause the use of cell phones among the male students, and how the use can affect the students in the several possible ways ranging from psychological to academic performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects and causes of cell phone Usage Among male specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study was mainly encouraged by the recent rapid technological advance in the cell phone devices that has made them an integral part of the youth life. There are various features that have been incorporated on cell phone devices have created a near fanatical following among adolescents who are otherwise still struggling with self identity issues. Previous studies have shown that peer pressure and parental factors play a sign ificant role in the adoption of mobile phone devices by high school going children. Research on mobile phone usage among students has been ongoing for several years in other countries. Several studies have shown that mobile phones can have both positive and negative effects on students. Positive effects mainly come in the form of improved learning activities, whereby mobile phones can be utilized as tools to access the internet and facilitate the retrieval of learning materials, help organize class activities such as meetings and discussions, and coordinate study groups among the students (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). Cell phones can also help students to develop social by keeping in touch with their peers and parents. In addition, they enable students to guard themselves by providing a reliable means of soliciting for help during crisis situations. The negative effects associated with cell phones are many. Different studies analyzed in this paper indicate that cell phone use can be addictive and thus bring with it several psychological effects that affect the student’s performance (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). The results of this study may confirm the findings of similar studies which have been carried out in other areas. Introduction Cell phones have evolved into important communication tools and therefore becoming an integral part of the society. Populations across the world, consisting of different age groups that include the youth are increasingly using cell phones to keep in touch with family, friends, colleagues and other acquaintances (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cell phones were first used in United Arab Emirates in 1998 and they were mainly in the hands of elites and professionals. This first generation communication devices were only equipped with basic communicat ion features such as voice calls and later text messages. Today, cell phone usage has spread among all members of the society including high school students and even pupils in several countries. The current mobile phone is equipped with features that allow more sophisticated communication and entertainment. This include multi media messages, MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3) player, games internet, videos and social network applications (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). The rapidly increasing technological advance in the cell phone industry has made mobile phones to be very attractive to the youth (Campbell, 2007). Therefore schools and other educational establishments have had a hard time trying to limit the influence of cell phones on their students (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). Several studies have indeed shown cell phones to be very popular among the youth, including high school students. Studies conducted in the UAE show that a large proportion of the youth and children own cell phones (Telecom munications Regulatory Authority, 2009). An ICT survey carried out in 2008 showed that up to 67% of students owned mobile phones in the United Arab Emirates (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, 2009). Initially, school policy was quite prohibitive as students were required to leave their phones at home, turn them of or keep them in the lockers (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). As time went by, schools began to change their policies to allow students to have limited access to mobile phones. The current use of cell phones by students mainly relates to personal and social purposes. The immense popularity of mobile phones among high school students in the UAE can be attributed to the popularity of prepaid subscriptions and the low cost of mobile handsets (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects and causes of cell phone Usage Among male specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn M ore Owning a cell phone has become a practical necessity, as well as a status symbol for young people who are, as always, struggling with peer pressure and conformity . Cell phones are very much viewed as a fashion accessory by different categories of youth in the UAE. Researches conducted in regard to the usage of mobile phones among the young generations have revealed that most of them take cell phones to be part and parcel of their daily lives. The increased attention of mobile phones among students has attracted massive research by scholars who are trying to establish how cell phones have impacted on education (Thaden, 2009). The causes and potential effects of mobile use among high school students in the UAE necessitate more research. This research study will thus seek to establish the reasons why male students at the Al Ittihad National School use mobile phones and the effects that may be associated with the use. Al Ittihad National School is located in Abu Dhabi and is a pr ivate profit making K-10 school (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, 2009). The school offers a US curriculum and has both national and international students mainly from the US (Kolb, 2006). Statement of the problem/ research questions Problem statement Research on cell/mobile phone usage in high schools that has been carried out in other countries reveal positive and negative effects. Although the findings can be applied to have an idea regarding the situation in the UAE, there is a strong need for own research to be conducted so as to establish variations or other findings that may be specific to UAE students. Indeed previous research has shown that mobile phone usage can have both positive and negative effects to high school students. In UAE, more male students have access to mobile phones when compared to their female counterparts. It’s important to determine the specific reasons that cause high school students to use mobile phones and the various outcomes that may be associated with this use. The study will be carried out at Al Ittihad School and will specifically try to establish the causes and effects of mobile phone usage among male students.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Questions What are the causes of mobile phone usage among male students at the Al Ittihad School? What are the effects of mobile phone usage among male students at the Al Ittihad School? Literature Review Causes of cell phone usage Cell phone use and addiction among young individuals may be explained using the psychological theory. Erikson described the adolescent stage as a period of identity searching (Campbell, 2007). Adolescents are always plagued by the experience of trying to understand who they are, the group they belong to and who they would like to be when they get older; they become excessively self conscious and pay much attention to what their peers think of them (Lie, 2004). Studies show that this situation makes them to be more vulnerable to trends that they consider fashionable such as newer and flashy technological devices. Mobile phones are equipped with different features that make them appeal to the young generation. Previous studies have shown that you ng cell phone users prefer to use text messaging as opposed to voice calls. This service may be preferred because it’s cheaper, quick and convenient (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Most teenagers have been shown to use text messages so as to achieve a steady coordination between friends and family. The patterns of text messaging are thought to peak anywhere between ages sixteen and twenty four. Comparative studies carried out to contrast cell phone usage among Japanese and American adolescents showed that a large proportion (69%) of Japanese adolescents preferred to use their mobile phones for texting while up to 40% of the American adolescents favored the game features on their mobile phones (Campbell, 2007). The Japanese adolescents were also seen to prefer the MP3 features on their mobile phones as compared to other features (Campbell, 2007). Cell phones are designed to allow effective communication between individuals who are vast distances apar t. Adolescents primarily use the mobile phone to communicate to their family members and peers. Several studies have shown that the use of cell phones by teenagers or adolescents to contact their family members are more frequent compared to contacting friends. Communicating with family members is very important as it enables them to feel secure. This is due to the fact that family members are considered to be the most important people in their lives (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). In addition, cell phones have been found to be very effective during emergency situations. Psychologists have identified cell phones to be vital tools of building family relationships as they enable family members to stay in touch even when they are far from one another. The ability of cell phones to offer communication between family members at any time and place makes them an effective replacement of physical contact. This way parents can remotely assist their children to carry out their responsibilities and reduce anxiety instances (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, 2009). Some Korean schools have begun to offer location monitoring services to help parents identify the location of their children via the cell phone. Apart from communicating with family members, adolescents use cell phones to regularly contact their peers for chat, gossip and share stories (Kolb, 2006). When used this way, cell phones act as effective tools of improving and maintaining social relationships. Through research, cell phone use has been linked to various factors. Previous studies have focused on factors such as sex, age and self esteem with mobile phone use (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). There is little research evidence that shows the relationship between cell phone uses by the younger generations and the age of the parents, education and family income. Male cell phone users are typically attracted by the technical applications and features such as games and MP3 player or vid eo player while females basically use mobile phones for socializing (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). Studies carried out since 2001 have established that young adult males spent more time on mobile phones as compared to girls (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). This trend often begins in the late adolescent stage then peaks in the 20s. The high level use may extend to 30s after which it begins to drop significantly (Thaden, 2009). Researchers have also established that young mobile phone users usually spent appropriate amounts of money on prepaid services. Studies conducted in Europe showed that many of high school students used about 25 Euros a month on mobile phone credit (Wilknson, 2006). Effects of cell phone Usage Different studies have shown that younger mobile users are more likely to be addicted therefore they score high on Problem Mobile Phone Use Scale (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Adolescents have been found to spend more time w ith mobile phones for social and emotional communication purposes. Some studies have shown that a significant number of high school students in the US play video games on their cell phones laptops during class time (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). However, it’s not clear if this affects academic performance. Studies carried out to identify the level of self esteem in relation to mobile phone use among adolescents has shown that those with low self esteem use mobile phones more than those with high self esteem (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Individuals with low self esteem use mobile phones more frequently so as to get reassurance from other people. Some studies have used low self esteem to predict problems associated with mobile phone use. It has been shown that certain problems may arise due to intense use of the mobile phone device for communication purpose. Studies conducted in different countries such as Thailand, Korea and Norway have established th at students who involved themselves with intense mobile use were likely to suffer from psychological disturbances (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). A study carried out on 595 Korean students established that excessive use of mobile phone among students led to depression, higher interpersonal anxiety and lower self esteem (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). There are no studies that link these findings to the student’s academic performance. Use of cell phones by high school students also endangers their lives by making them to be suitable targets for robbers and muggers. Several robbery instances have reportedly involved the taking of a mobile phone. Many youths have reportedly died as a result of being knifed by muggers. Additionally, cell phones are also thought to increase bullying instances among adolescents (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). In other studies, cell phones have been reported to cause considerable disruption of class activities. A Virginia high sch ool reported that a student ordered for pizza during class time and did not see anything wrong with that (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Other students have involved themselves in queer behaviors such as calling the principal’s home for more than six times in the middle of the night (Campbell, 2007). Studies carried out by psychologists have reported the ability of mobile phones to affect sleeping patterns among students, especially in addictive cases. Affected students are found to engage in excessive text messaging and often feel anxious when they do not receive replies. This usually takes place at night when they are supposed to be sleeping. Some scholars have compared internet use to pathological gambling as forms of behavioral addiction (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Excessive use of cell phones may also be categorized as an addictive disorder. Cell phone ownership among students has been the subject of various ongoi ng researches, arguments and counter arguments. Some scholars have felt that students should be provided with cell phones so that they can use them in crisis situations (Kolb, 2006). Studies have also shown that students who lack phones may experience a negative feeling of being isolated. Other scholars have rejected phone ownership among students stating that they do not contribute to learning activities (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Several researches have shown that cell phones can be useful gadgets for learning purposes. Internet supported mobile phones may be used to find definitions or reference data on the web. Mobile phones can also be used by students to connect with teachers and other students and help them deal with class attendance issues, rearrange meetings, retrieve assignment data, discuss assignments, coordinate study groups and seek academic help from teachers and other students (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). Conclusion And Recommendations C onclusions Just as seen in other studies carried out in various countries, this study will confirm that the use of mobile phone is widespread among male students attending Al Ittihad School. The study is expected to reveal that male students at the Al Ittihad School use their phones a bit reasonably and appropriately for sending text messages, calling and networking. The most applied functions of the mobile phone are likely to be SMS, social networking then voice calls. These findings should be consistent with those of studies carried out in other countries, especially in Asia. High school students are typically expected to prefer SMS to calls due to the fact that SMS are cheaper and majority of them have limited financial resources. This makes SMS to be the preferred mode of communication (Wilknson, 2006). Given the fact that majority of high school students are adolescents, they may be attracted to mobile phones due to features such as MMS, MP3 and video players and internet netwo rking applications such as facebook and twitter (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). Previous research findings have shown that boys are more interested in the technological features of a phone as compared to girls. This study may also establish that male students at the Al Ittihad National School use mobile phones partly due to their advanced technological features which they may find fascinating. Personal and family factors may also contribute to the usage of phones by high school students. The study may reveal that students use their phones more to contact their peers rather than parents and/or teachers (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). Students in the adolescent category are generally unstable as they are transforming from children to adults. Mobile phone usage may be linked to levels of self esteem. Students with low self esteem are likely to be addicted to the mobile phone and thus present with various psychological disturbances. Case s of low or high self esteem are come individually and cannot be generalized on a group. In this study, some cases of low self esteem may be established together with the associated problematic mobile phone use. Students with a low self esteem will desire to seek reassurance from other people on regular basis and thus are likely to use their cell phones more (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). Students who end up using their phones more than others are likely to progress into intense cell phone users. The current study is likely to establish that most male students at the Al Ittihad School get fascinated by features on their mobile phones and thus are likely to be more attracted and addicted to their cell phones (Zulkefly Baharudin, 2009). This may lead to behaviors associated with problematic cell phone behavior. Further studies into this area may reveal how self esteem and the frequency of mobile phone use can lead to change in social behaviors. By determining the effect of mobile phone usage among male students at the Al Ittihad School, one is likely to verify that intense use of mobile phones by students can lead to psychological problems (Campbell, 2007). Students who show with problematic cell phone use may have conditions such as anxiety, depression, or even lack of sleep, which is likely to affect their overall psychological functioning (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). The results of this study, if carried out, may concur with the findings of other studies which associate addictive cell phone usage with disorders such as lack of adequate sleep, which may impact a student’s psychological health. Findings of this such as study may as well reveal the advantages associated with cell phone use. For instance, they can enhance learning in various ways; cell phones can be used to surf the web and help students to identify important references or definitions, they also form an important link between them and their teachers or other students and this can help increase class attendance issues, scheduling of meetings, retrieving of assignment data and assisting coordination in study groups (Lie, 2004). The study may also establish some bad habits that may be associated with mobile phone use. Students can involve themselves in exam cheating by communicating with each other while doing tests or use web sources to help answer questions. The study may also reveal that phones cause significant disruption to class activities where some students may pick their phones or make calls during class time (Hakoama Hakoyama, 2011). It’s also important to note that though not many teenagers have access to cars, mobile phones can be a leading cause of death if they are used while driving. Such a finding may be outside the scope of this study due to the limited sample size but it has been observed to occur elsewhere. Recommendations Previous researches have compared internet usage with pathological gambling due to the common effect impacted on the user. Current mobile phone devices are loaded with sophisticated features with the ability to carry out several different applications. This implies that they are more likely to create addictive behavior in the young users. Studies should be formulated to establish the chances of addiction that are associated with more sophisticated devices that are considered to be classy by the youth. If this study is carried out, the results can reveal that high school students frequently use their devices to watch videos and network on social sites during class time. In this regard a further study will be required to identify the extent to which performance is affected by such activities. Further research may reveal many other causal factors that exist within the student’s environment that can positively or negatively impact their cell phone behaviors (Moore, Kirchner, Drotar, Johnson, Rosen, Redline, 2009). In addition, the specific outc omes of intense mobile phone use can also be explored with the aim of identifying the particular symptoms that may be associated with excessive use of mobile phones among high school students. Some other studies have shown that mobile phones may affect attention spans, critical thinking skills and respect for learning and teachers (Kawasaki, Tanei, Ogata, Burapadaja, Loetkham, 2006). These findings have not been verified thus more intense studies should be se up to ascertain the extent to which such effects may affect learning and student performance. Adequate policies should be formulated to guide the use of cell phones by students. As things are now, authorities lag behind parental and student resistance in regard to the use of mobile phones (Kolb, 2006). Parents are increasing viewing mobile phones as a lifeline for their children but this should not be allowed to transform into an entitlement thus far research should be done to identify any agreeable solution to this problem (H akoama Hakoyama, 2011). References Campbell, S. (2007). A cross-cultural comparison of perceptions and uses of mobile telephony. New Media and Society , (9):343-363. Hakoama, M., Hakoyama, S. (2011). The Impact of Cell Phone Use on Social Networking and Development Among College Students. The American  Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences journal , 1-15. Kawasaki, N., Tanei, S., Ogata, S., Burapadaja, F., Loetkham, S. (2006). Survey on Cellular Phone usage by Students in Thailand. Journal of Physiological  Anthropology , 25:377-382. Kolb, L. (2006). From toy to tool: Audioblogging with cell phones. Learning Leading  with Technology , 34(3): 16-20. Lie, E. (2004). Shaping the Future Mobile Information Society: The Case of the  Kingdom of Norway. London: International Telecommunication Union Workshop on Shaping the Future Mobile. Moore, M., Kirchner, H., Drotar, D., Johnson, D., Rosen, C., Redline, S. (2009). Relationships among Sleepiness, Sleep Time, and Psycho logical Functioning in Adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol , 2:567-579. Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. (2009). UAE ICT SURVEY: Acess and Use  of Information and Communications Technology in the UAE. Abu Dhabi: TRA. Thaden, B. (2009). Student Reflective Perceptions of High School Educational Cell Phone Technology Usage. The Journal of Technology Studies , 11-16. Wilknson, R. (2006). The role of parental and peer attchment in the pyschological health and self-esteem of students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 33(6):479. Zulkefly, S., Baharudin, R. (2009). Mobile Phone use Amongst Students in Malaysia: Its correlates and Relationship to Psychological Health. European Journal of  Ã‚  Scientific Research , 2:206-218. This essay on Effects and causes of cell phone Usage Among male was written and submitted by user Artur0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.